java.time.chrono (Java SE 26 & JDK 26)
Description: declaration: module: java.base, package: java.time.chrono
Keywords: java.time.chrono package

# Package java.time.chrono

package java.time.chrono

Generic API for calendar systems other than the default ISO.

The main API is based around the calendar system defined in ISO-8601. However, there are other calendar systems, and this package provides basic support for them. The alternate calendars are provided in the `java.time.chrono` package.

A calendar system is defined by the `Chronology` interface, while a date in a calendar system is defined by the `ChronoLocalDate` interface.

It is intended that applications use the main API whenever possible, including code to read and write from a persistent data store, such as a database, and to send dates and times across a network. The "chrono" classes are then used at the user interface level to deal with localized input/output. See `ChronoLocalDate` for a full discussion of the issues.

Using non-ISO calendar systems in an application introduces significant extra complexity. Ensure that the warnings and recommendations in `ChronoLocalDate` have been read before working with the "chrono" interfaces.

The supported calendar systems includes:

- `Hijrah calendar`
- `Japanese calendar`
- `Minguo calendar`
- `Thai Buddhist calendar`

## Example

This example lists today's date for all of the available calendars.

      // Enumerate the list of available calendars and print today's date for each.
          Set<Chronology> chronos = Chronology.getAvailableChronologies();
          for (Chronology chrono : chronos) {
              ChronoLocalDate date = chrono.dateNow();
              System.out.printf("   %20s: %s%n", chrono.getId(), date.toString());
          }

This example creates and uses a date in a named non-ISO calendar system.

      // Print the Thai Buddhist date
          ChronoLocalDate now1 = Chronology.of("ThaiBuddhist").dateNow();
          int day = now1.get(ChronoField.DAY_OF_MONTH);
          int dow = now1.get(ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK);
          int month = now1.get(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR);
          int year = now1.get(ChronoField.YEAR);
          System.out.printf("  Today is %s %s %d-%s-%d%n", now1.getChronology().getId(),
                    dow, day, month, year);
      // Print today's date and the last day of the year for the Thai Buddhist Calendar.
          ChronoLocalDate first = now1
                    .with(ChronoField.DAY_OF_MONTH, 1)
                    .with(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR, 1);
          ChronoLocalDate last = first
                    .plus(1, ChronoUnit.YEARS)
                    .minus(1, ChronoUnit.DAYS);
          System.out.printf("  %s: 1st of year: %s; end of year: %s%n", last.getChronology().getId(),
                    first, last);

This example creates and uses a date in a specific ThaiBuddhist calendar system.

      // Print the Thai Buddhist date
          ThaiBuddhistDate now1 = ThaiBuddhistDate.now();
          int day = now1.get(ChronoField.DAY_OF_MONTH);
          int dow = now1.get(ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK);
          int month = now1.get(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR);
          int year = now1.get(ChronoField.YEAR);
          System.out.printf("  Today is %s %s %d-%s-%d%n", now1.getChronology().getId(),
                    dow, day, month, year);

      // Print today's date and the last day of the year for the Thai Buddhist Calendar.
          ThaiBuddhistDate first = now1
                    .with(ChronoField.DAY_OF_MONTH, 1)
                    .with(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR, 1);
          ThaiBuddhistDate last = first
                    .plus(1, ChronoUnit.YEARS)
                    .minus(1, ChronoUnit.DAYS);
          System.out.printf("  %s: 1st of year: %s; end of year: %s%n", last.getChronology().getId(),
                    first, last);

## Package specification

Unless otherwise noted, passing a null argument to a constructor or method in any class or interface in this package will cause a `NullPointerException` to be thrown. The Javadoc "@param" definition is used to summarise the null-behavior. The "@throws `NullPointerException`" is not explicitly documented in each method.

All calculations should check for numeric overflow and throw either an `ArithmeticException` or a `DateTimeException`.

Since:
  1.8

- Related Packages
  Package
  Description
  java.time
  The main API for dates, times, instants, and durations.
  java.time.format
  Provides classes to print and parse dates and times.
  java.time.temporal
  Access to date and time using fields and units, and date time adjusters.
  java.time.zone
  Support for time-zones and their rules.
- Class
  Description
  AbstractChronology
  An abstract implementation of a calendar system, used to organize and identify dates.
  ChronoLocalDate
  A date without time-of-day or time-zone in an arbitrary chronology, intended for advanced globalization use cases.
  ChronoLocalDateTime<D extends ChronoLocalDate>
  A date-time without a time-zone in an arbitrary chronology, intended for advanced globalization use cases.
  Chronology
  A calendar system, used to organize and identify dates.
  ChronoPeriod
  A date-based amount of time, such as '3 years, 4 months and 5 days' in an arbitrary chronology, intended for advanced globalization use cases.
  ChronoZonedDateTime<D extends ChronoLocalDate>
  A date-time with a time-zone in an arbitrary chronology, intended for advanced globalization use cases.
  Era
  An era of the time-line.
  HijrahChronology
  The Hijrah calendar is a lunar calendar supporting Islamic calendars.
  HijrahDate
  A date in the Hijrah calendar system.
  HijrahEra
  An era in the Hijrah calendar system.
  IsoChronology
  The ISO calendar system.
  IsoEra
  An era in the ISO calendar system.
  JapaneseChronology
  The Japanese Imperial calendar system.
  JapaneseDate
  A date in the Japanese Imperial calendar system.
  JapaneseEra
  An era in the Japanese Imperial calendar system.
  MinguoChronology
  The Minguo calendar system.
  MinguoDate
  A date in the Minguo calendar system.
  MinguoEra
  An era in the Minguo calendar system.
  ThaiBuddhistChronology
  The Thai Buddhist calendar system.
  ThaiBuddhistDate
  A date in the Thai Buddhist calendar system.
  ThaiBuddhistEra
  An era in the Thai Buddhist calendar system.